Publication

This digital project is published as part of the course Digital Practice, within the MA Digital Media programme at the School of Media and Communication, University of Leeds.

Academic Year: 2024/2025

Project Title:
What Is Nursing A Way Out Of?

Team Members:
Yixuan Zeng, Chenting Ho,
Yiwei Lu, Yiting Li

Course Instructors:
Holly Steel
Kaajal Modi
School of Media and Communication
University of Leeds

Design and Development:
All web design, visual content, and data visualisation were developed collaboratively by the project team using HTML, CSS, Flourish, OCR tools, and AI-assisted workflows.

Research and Writing:
All primary and secondary research, content analysis, and narrative structure were created by the project team.

References:

British Red Cross. 2025. The legacy of Florence Nightingale, the first professional nurse. [Online]. [Accessed 10 March 2025]. Available from: https://www.redcross.org.uk/stories/health-and-social-care/health/how-florence-nightingale-influenced-the-red-cross.

Campbell, D. 2024. British BAME and foreign doctors ‘suffer discrimination throughout careers’. The Guardian. [Online]. 17 October. [Accessed: 20 April 2025]. Available from: British BAME and foreign doctors ‘suffer discrimination throughout careers’ | NHS | The Guardian

Chen, C. H., Härdle, W., Unwin, A., and Friendly, M. 2008. A brief history of data visualization. Handbook of data visualization, pp.15-56.

Cychosz, M., Romeo, R., Soderstrom, M., Scaff, C., Ganek, H., Cristia, A. and Weisleder, A. 2020. Longform recordings of everyday life: Ethics for best practices. Behavior Research Methods, 52, pp.1951–1969.

Ellis, H. 2009. Mary Seacole: Self Taught Nurse and Heroine of the Crimean War. Journal of Perioperative Practice. 19(9), pp.304–305.

Ford, M. 2019. Focus: Men in nursing – tipping the gender balance. Nursing Time. [Online]. 06 March. [Accessed: 20 April 2025]. Available from: Focus: Men in nursing – tipping the gender balance | Nursing Times

Gershon, W.S. 2013. Vibrational affect: Sound theory and practice in qualitative research. Cultural Studies? Critical Methodologies, 13(4), pp.257–262.

Gubrium, J.F. and Holstein, J.A. 2012. Narrative practice and the transformation of interview subjectivity. In: Gubrium, J.F., Holstein, J.A., Marvasti, A.B. and McKinney, K.D., eds. The SAGE handbook of interview research: The complexity of the craft. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, pp.27–44.

Kearns, T. and Mahon, P. 2021. How to attain gender equality in nursing—an essay. BMJ, 373. [Online]. [Accessed 13 Apr 2025]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1232.

Leeds General Infirmary. 1856. Nurse Training Register: Private Records (1856-1888). [Manuscript]. At: Leeds: Leeds University Library, Brotherton

Matt Farrah, 2024. Stats and facts: UK nursing, social care and healthcare. [Online]. [Accessed 13 April 2025]. Available from: https://www.nurses.co.uk/blog/stats-and-facts-uk-nursing-social-care-and-healthcare/

McCarey, M., Dayan, M., Jarman, H., Hervey, T., Fahy, N., Bristow, D. and Greer, S.L. 2022. Health and Brexit: six years on. London: Nuffield Trust.

Moore, D. 2024. Visions of the East: Orientalism and Imperialism in the Memoirs of Crimean War Nurses. Women’s Writing: The Elizabethan to Victorian Period. 31(4), pp.552–569.

National Army Museum, 2025. Crimean War. [Online]. [Accessed 27 April 2025]. Available from: https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/crimean-war

National Army Museum, 2025. Florence Nightingale: The Lady with the Lamp. [Online]. [Accessed 27 April 2025]. Available from: https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/florence-nightingale-lady-lamp

National Army Museum. 2025. Turkish troops storming enemy positions at Silistria, 1854. [Online]. [Accessed 20 April 2025]. Available from: https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/crimean-war

NHS Employers. 2024. Pay scales for 2024/25. [Online]. [Accessed 25 April 2025]. Available from: https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202425

NHS England. 2023. NHS Digital – Adult nurses by gender, June 2023. [Online]. [Accessed 25 April 2025]. Available from: [ARCHIVED CONTENT] Adult Nurses by Gender, June 2023 - NHS England Digital (nationalarchives.gov.uk)

NHS England. 2024. NHS Workforce Race Equality Standard (WRES). [Online]. [Accessed: 20 April 2025]. Available from: NHS England » NHS Workforce Race Equality Standard (WRES)

Nursing Times, 2008. Why are there so few men in nursing? [Online]. [Accessed 27 April 2025]. Available from: https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/why-are-there-so-few-men-in-nursing-03-03-2008/

Palmer, B., Leone, C. and Appleby, J. 2021. Recruitment of nurses from overseas. [Online]. London: The Nuffield Trust. [Accessed 13 April 2025]. Available from: https://www.nhshistory.com/sites/default/files/2021-11/recruitment-of-nurses-drivers-web2.pdf

Paradis, M.R., Hart, E.M. and O’Brien, M.J. 2017. The Sisters of Mercy in the Crimean War: Lessons for Catholic Health Care. The Linacre Quarterly. 84(1), pp.29–43.

Sasa, R.I. 2019. Male nurse: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum (Hillsdale). 54(4), pp.593–600.

Smith, R. 2007. An overview of the Tesseract OCR engine. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007), 23–26 September 2007, Curitiba, Brazil. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2, pp.629–633.

Strauss, D. and Hughes, L. 2024. Nurses in England reject government pay deal. FINANCIAL TIME. [Online]. 23 September. [Accessed: 20 April 2025]. Available from: Nurses in England reject government pay deal (ft.com)

The Guardian, 2022. NHS vacancies in England at staggering new high as almost 10% of posts empty. [Online]. [Accessed 13 April 2025]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/sep/01/nhs-vacancies-in-england-at-staggering-new-high-as-almost-10-of-posts-empty

UNISON Northern. 2024. Striking NHS staff across Teesside announce five more days of action. UNISON Northern. [Online]. 15 May. [Accessed: 20 April 2025]. Available from: Striking NHS staff across Teesside announce five more days of action - UNISON Northern

Williams, C.L., 1992. The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the “Female” Professions. Social Problems. [Online]. 39(3), pp.253–267. [Accessed 13 Apr. 2025]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/3096961

Woo, B.F.Y., Goh, Y.S. and Zhou, W. 2022. Understanding the gender gap in advanced practice nursing: a qualitative study. Journal of Nursing Management. 30(8), pp.4480–4490.



Disclaimer:
This project was created for academic purposes. All data visualisations and interpretations are part of a student-led exploration. External content used remains the property of respective copyright holders.

Contact:
dgzb8464@leeds.ac.uk